lower shipping costs can be achieved by optimizing packaging, comparing shipping carriers, and utilizing shipping discounts. For businesses, negotiating rates with shipping carriers like UPS, USPS, or FedEx can lead to better pricing based on volume. Additionally, offering customers slower shipping options or using flat-rate boxes can also reduce costs. Using fulfillment services or third-party logistics (3PL) providers may further reduce shipping expenses by leveraging their established networks and resources.